Introduction:
Begin by explaining that participles are forms of verbs that are used to create verb tenses and convey additional information about actions. Present participles are formed by adding "-ing" to the base form of the verb, while past participles are often formed by adding "-ed" or "-en."
Part 1: Present Participles
Definition: Present participles are used to indicate ongoing or continuous actions. They are formed by adding "-ing" to the base form of the verb.
Examples:
Dance (base verb) → Dancing (present participle)
· She enjoys dancing in the rain.
Sing → Singing
· They are often found singing together.
Run → Running
· The children are running in the playground.
Read → Reading
· He is always caught reading a book.
Write → Writing
· We spend our afternoons writing stories.
Activity:
Ask students to create sentences using present participles, emphasizing ongoing actions.
Part 2: Past Participles
Definition: Past participles are used to indicate completed actions or states. They are often formed by adding "-ed" or "-en" to the base form of the verb.
Examples:
Play (base verb) → Played (past participle)
· They have played this game before.
Eat → Eaten
· The pizza was delicious; it was quickly eaten.
Talk → Talked
· She has already talked to her friend.
Write → Written
· The letter has been written and sent.
Swim → Swum
· They have swum in the ocean every summer.
Activity:
Encourage students to form sentences using past participles, focusing on actions or states that are completed.
Part 3: Using Present and Past Participles in Sentences
Guidelines:
Present participles are used for ongoing actions.
Example: The kids are playing in the garden. (Present participle: playing)
Past participles are used for completed actions or states.
Example: The cake was baked to perfection. (Past participle: baked)
Activity:
Provide a list of base verbs and ask students to create sentences using both present and past participles, ensuring they understand the distinction between ongoing and completed actions.
Review the key points about present and past participles. Encourage students to incorporate these participles into their writing to add variety and detail to their sentences.
